CPR APPLICATIONS FOUNDATION · CHAPTER 14 · TREATMENT
Treatment Foundations of Nutrition & Bioenergetics
Organize the chapter before drilling into individual CPR concepts.
Supplemental foundation map: this page orients the detailed CPR Applications for Chapter 14. It is not part of the canonical CPR object inventory.
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Treatment Foundations · You are here
14.19 · SOURCE CPR FOUNDATION
Concept
Treatment in nutrition and bioenergetics means restoring the missing substrate, preventing metabolic decompensation, and avoiding harm from overcorrection or toxicity. Step 1 usually does not test dosing details. It tests what to replace, what to withhold, and what complication to anticipate when physiology shifts.
Pattern
Step 1 treatment stems fall into three patterns: replace a deficiency, prevent a known metabolic crash, or recognize supplement toxicity. Alcohol-associated malnutrition, refeeding risk, fat-soluble vitamin excess, and parenteral nutrition complications are common safety frames.
Rule
- Replace what is missing. Match therapy to the deficient substrate or cofactor.
- Prevent what feeding or glucose will worsen. Thiamine deficiency and refeeding risk require anticipatory treatment.
- Stop what is accumulating. Fat-soluble vitamin toxicity and metabolic substrate blocks require avoiding excess input.
Applications
- Iron deficiency anemia → iron replacement
- B12 macrocytosis neurologic signs → B12 replacement
- Folate deficiency → folate replacement after B12 considered
- Vitamin K deficiency PT/INR elevation → vitamin K replacement
- High refeeding risk → individualized nutrition advancement with thiamine, phosphate, potassium, and magnesium assessment and monitoring
- Vitamin A excess → stop excess supplementation
- Vitamin D excess → hypercalcemia management logic
- Tip: Replacement should match the mechanism not the lab alone
CPR APPLICATIONS · ACTIVE REASONING
Replace safely and prevent overcorrection
Make a prediction first. Each worked answer is available without JavaScript. These exercises do not save or send responses.
Worked reasoning and transfer
Best answer: Thiamine, electrolyte surveillance and individualized advancement. Phosphate, potassium and magnesium require close attention while nutrition increases.
Transfer: Which early laboratory changes would prompt adjustment?
Worked reasoning and transfer
Best answer: Folate can improve hematology while B12 neurologic injury persists. Correcting folate alone may obscure anemia despite ongoing B12-related neurologic harm.
Transfer: What if both deficiencies coexist?
Worked reasoning and transfer
Best answer: Stop excess exposure and manage hypercalcemia. Vitamin D toxicity increases calcium absorption; management depends on severity and cause.
Transfer: Why also evaluate renal function?
Explain it back: Write a causal chain for one decision, then identify which piece of evidence would change the answer.
Unscored teaching examples; not validated assessment items or patient-specific advice.
How to use this foundation map
- Identify the organizing mechanism.
- Recognize the pattern.
- Restate the rule without looking.
- Test transfer with applications and question practice.
Pair CPR with the 5P Approach™ when solving cases and questions.