CPR APPLICATIONS FOUNDATION · CHAPTER 14 · NORMAL
Normal Foundations of Nutrition & Bioenergetics
Organize the chapter before drilling into individual CPR concepts.
Supplemental foundation map: this page orients the detailed CPR Applications for Chapter 14. It is not part of the canonical CPR object inventory.
Move through Chapter 14
Normal Foundations · You are here
Abnormal Foundations
Treatment Foundations
14.1 · SOURCE CPR FOUNDATION
Concept
Nutrition and bioenergetics connect what enters the body to how the body stores, burns, repairs, and compensates. Step 1 rarely tests nutrition as diet trivia. It tests symptom clusters that trace back to a missing substrate, failed absorption pathway, or failed fuel switch.
Pattern
Step 1 usually gives the output failure first: bleeding, rash, neuropathy, anemia, edema, fasting intolerance, or mental-status change. The task is to reverse-map that output to a nutrient class, absorption problem, metabolic state, or treatment complication.
Rule
- Start with the pattern, then identify the missing input. Skin, blood, nerves, bone, and clotting findings each point toward specific nutrient groups.
- Separate deficiency from fuel-state failure. A patient who crashes during fasting has a different problem than one with a chronic vitamin-deficiency pattern.
- Watch for treatment-created physiology. Refeeding and glucose administration can worsen a vulnerable metabolic state.
Applications
- Night blindness xerosis → vitamin A deficiency
- Bleeding with prolonged PT/INR and normal platelet count → consider vitamin K deficiency among other causes, including warfarin exposure and liver disease
- Macrocytic anemia neurologic findings → B12 deficiency
- Dermatitis diarrhea dementia → niacin deficiency
- Poor wound healing perifollicular hemorrhage → vitamin C deficiency
- Neuromuscular, cardiac, or mental-status deterioration after nutrition restart → evaluate for refeeding-related electrolyte shifts, especially hypophosphatemia
- Tip: Pattern first missing input second
CPR APPLICATIONS · ACTIVE REASONING
Infer the missing nutrient or fuel
Make a prediction first. Each worked answer is available without JavaScript. These exercises do not save or send responses.
Worked reasoning and transfer
Best answer: Vitamin A. Retinoids are necessary for retinal phototransduction and epithelial differentiation.
Transfer: What other ocular change may appear?
Worked reasoning and transfer
Best answer: Vitamin B12. B12 deficiency can affect DNA synthesis and myelin function.
Transfer: Why is neuro exam useful here?
Worked reasoning and transfer
Best answer: Fatty acid oxidation. Impaired fatty acid oxidation can compromise fasting energy and ketogenesis.
Transfer: What alternative hormonal cause must be considered?
Explain it back: Write a causal chain for one decision, then identify which piece of evidence would change the answer.
Unscored teaching examples; not validated assessment items or patient-specific advice.
How to use this foundation map
- Identify the organizing mechanism.
- Recognize the pattern.
- Restate the rule without looking.
- Test transfer with applications and question practice.
Pair CPR with the 5P Approach™ when solving cases and questions.